Interferon in Viral Infection|ICDS Supervisor Exam Kerala PSC bibimohanan.com
![]() |
ICDS Supervisor Exam Kerala PSC |
Interferon in Viral Infection
Interferon
As viruses depend on their host cell to produce many function of
viral multiplication.
So, it is difficult to inhibit viral multiplication
without affecting host cell itself.
One way by which infected host cell
counter viral infection is with a family of cytokines called interferon.
Interferons are a class of similar antiviral protein produces by
certain animal cells such as lymphocytes & macrophages after viral
stimulation.
One of principal function of interferon is to interfere with
viral multiplication.
All interferon are small protein with weight
between 15000-30000 Daltons.
They are quiet stable at low pH & fairly
resistant to heat.
There are three types α, β, ϒ.
Ï’-interferon is produced by lymphocytes.
It includes neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria.
Ï’ Interferon causes macrophages to
produce nitric oxide which kills bacteria as well as tumor cell by
inhibiting ATP production.
Antiviral Action of Interferon (α &β)
Viral genome
enters into host cell
infecting virus replicates
into new viruses.
Mean
while infecting virus also
induces host cell to
produce interferon
mRNA which is translated into interferon α and interferon β.
Interferon
released by virus infect host cell , bind to plasma membrane receptors
on uninfected neighboring host cell inducing cell to synthesize antiviral
protein.
New viruses released by viruses infect host cell infect the neighboring
cell .
Antiviral protein degrade viral genome & inhibits protein synthesis
and interfere with viral replication.
An interesting feature of interferon is that, they are host cell
specific, not virus specific.
Interferon produced by human cell protect
human cell but produces little antiviral activity for cells of other species
i.e. mice or chicks.
However interferon of a species is active against a
number of different viruses.
Mode of action of interferons
Interferons are produced in the nucleus and transported through
cytoplasm out of the cell and enter the surrounding cells.
There are
three types of interferons
Translation blockers, Transcription blockers
and replication blockers.
So when they enter the surrounding cells they
block the above three cell processes and hence do not allow the viruses
to replicate in the surrounding nearby cells.
Interferons can also be used for long term interferon therapy for viral
diseases.
Antibodies
Antibodies are produced by the plasma proteins and travel through
blood to the target and attaches to the antigen and stops its activity.
Antibodies are composed of variable and constant fragments. Variable
fragments of antibodies are different for each kind of antigen.
Interferons VS Antibodies
Interferons:
1. They are generalized in their action e.g.
interferons for NDV virus also block other
viruses.
2. Interferon is a part of the infected cell.
3. They are produced in small amounts.
4. They are chemical mediators.
5. Present in the intercellular spaces.
6. They are classified as α, β and γ.
7. They do not bind to the antigen but enter the surrounding cells.
8. Interferons block genetic codes.
Antibodies:
1. They are highly specific in their action. E.g.
NDV antibody controls NDV virus only.
2. Antibodies are formed by plasma cells.
3. They are produced in large numbers.
4. They are Igs and are “Y” shaped.
5. Present in the whole body, blood, tissue,
mucous membrane.
6. They are classified as IgG, IgD, IgM, IgE, and
IgA.
7. They do not enter the cell but bind the
antigen.
8. Blocks the antigen synthesis.
Also Read;
Morphology of Bacteria
Anatomy of Bacteria
Vaccination -Types
This topic is important for the ICDS Supervisor Exam.Click HERE.
You can Go to more posts Regarding ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Here.
More ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSCSociology Notes Here
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Homescience Notes Here
Microbiology Notes
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Food ,Nutrition and Health Notes Here
To Join Telegram, Click Here
Also Read;
Morphology of Bacteria
Anatomy of Bacteria
Vaccination -Types
This topic is important for the ICDS Supervisor Exam.Click HERE.
You can Go to more posts Regarding ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Here.
More ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSCSociology Notes Here
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Homescience Notes Here
Microbiology Notes
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Food ,Nutrition and Health Notes Here
To Join Telegram, Click Here
No comments:
Post a Comment
Hope you like the Post, Kindly give your feedback here. Happy Learning :)