Functional Anatomy of Bacteria- Microbiology|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC

by Author on Thursday, September 05, 2019 in ICDS Supervisor Exam, Microbiology

Functional Anatomy of Bacteria- Microbiology|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC

Functional Anatomy of Bacteria:

Brief functions:

#1 Cell Wall:

acts as an antigen, provide protection and rigidity x Cell membrane: serve as a barrier through which materials enter and exit the cell.

#2 Capsule:

acts as an antigen, has feeding importance, sticking features and cause disease

#3 Mesosome:

role in metabolism

#4 Fimbriae:

helps in motility, jerky movement, has sticking feature and acts as an antigen

#5 Pilus:

helps in reproduction(conjugation) x Ribosomes: protein formation

#6 Nucleoid:

transcription and translation

#7 Chromosomes:

hereditary material

#8 Droplets:

helpful in storage

#9 Flagella:

act as an antigen and helps in motility

#10 Plasmid:

has special features of resistance and infection Appendages external to bacteria Fimbriae

-Made up of fimbrine protein and range hundreds in number.

- Helps in motility and jerky movement

-Acts as a poor antigen thus helps in recognition

-Used for attachments and formation of biofilms

e.g. fimbriae of bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae helps to colonize in mucous membrane and fimbriae of E.coli helps to adhere in small intestine

-Acts as a disease causing agents after attachment

- Cause ascending infection e.g. in excretory system Pilli

-They are longer then fimbriae and range in number from 1 to 10.

-They are made up of pillin protein. Its function is reproduction i.e. sexual reproduction in bacteria known as conjugation. (F+ ,the bacteria which give genetic material and F- , which receive).

The rest of the functions are same as fimbriae. Glycocalyx (capsule) Prokaryotic cell sometimes secrete a substance outside the cell wall known as glycocalax.

- If the substance is organized and is firmly attached to the cell wall, the glycocalyx is described as a capsule.

- If the substance is unorganized and only loosely attached to the cell wall, the glycocalyx is described as a slime layer.

- If a number of bacteria are present close together and the capsule of a single cell cannot identified the layer formed is known as saline layer.

- If glycocalyx is removed from cell wall or if it is not present at all then a thin layer is present known as “S” layer.

- If a colony forms LPS capsule the appearance of colony will be smooth.

- If a colony forgets to form LPS capsule the colony will b rough.

- If protein capsule is present in colony then appearance will be rough

- If protein capsule absent then the appearance will be smooth. Function

- Protection because of slimy nature

- Protection against immune system so they can cause disease

- Capsule can serve as a food source

e.g. Streptococcus mutants.

- Used for attachment x Serve as a good antigen.

Flagella

Flagella are long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria

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