Genetic Engineering Biotechnology|ICDS Supervisor Exam Kerala PSC
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| Genetic Engineering Biotechnology |
Genetic Engineering -Biotechnology
It is the use of microorganism, cell or cell components to make
products.
Microbes have been used in commercial production of food,
vaccine, antibiotics and vitamins for years.
Recombinant DNA technology
Microorganisms as well as entire plants are used to produce chemicals
which that specific organism can produce naturally.
This was made
possible by inserting gene into cell by recombinant DNA technology,
sometimes called as genetic engineering.
The development of
recombinant DNA technology is expanding the practical application of
biotechnology beyond imagination, As recombination of DNA occurs
naturally in microbes, in 1970s and 1980s scientist developed artificial
technology for making recombinant DNA.
A gene from vertebrate
animal including humans can be inserted into the DNA of bacterium or
a gene from virus can be inserted into yeast.
Then the gene is
expressed in recipient which code for a commercially useful product.
A
bacteria with a gene for human insulin are now being used to produce
insulin for treating diabetes.
Vaccine for hepatitis B is being made by
yeast carrying a gene for parts of hepatitis virus.
Viral protein coats are
produced by recombinant DNA technology from yeast.
Scientist hope
that such approach may prove useful in producing vaccine against other
infectious agents thus eliminating the need to use whole organism as in
conventional vaccines.
Procedure of Recombinant DNA Technology
1. A vector such as plasmid is isolated from the bacterium.
2. DNA containing the gene of interest is cleaved into
fragments by enzyme called restriction endonuclease.
3. Gene is inserted into the plasmid.
4. Plasmid is taken up by the cell to make component cell.
5. Cell with gene of interest can be cloned.
6. Now there are two possibilities.
- Goal is to make copies of gene, the copies of gene will
be harvested
e.g. a gene of interest can be inserted
into a bacteria which can clean up different ponds or
lakes or they can be introduced in plants to develop
resistance against pests.
- Goal is to make protein product of gene. the produced
protein are harvested from bacterial biomass
e.g.
amylase, cellulose and other such enzymes prepare
fabrics for manufacturing clothes and human growth
hormone which treats shunted growth.
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This topic is important for the ICDS Supervisor Exam.Click HERE.
You can Go to more posts Regarding ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Here.
More ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSCSociology Notes Here
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Homescience Notes Here
ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC Food ,Nutrition and Health Notes Here
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