[PDF]AE Civil KSHB Syllabus Download|097/2025,180/2025 Syllabus Kerala PSC

DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF ASSISTANT ENGINEER (CIVIL) -KSHB

(CAT.NO: 097/2025,180/2025 ) (Total Marks – 100)

Mechanics of Solids and Structural Analysis (10 Marks)

Concept of stress and strain, Bending moment and shear force, Stresses in

beams, Deflectionof beams, Theory of columns, Truss analysis, Displacement

response of statically determinate structural systems using energy methods,

Principle of virtual work, Statically indeterminatestructures, Strain Energy

methods, Moving loads and influence lines, Arches. Slope Deflection Method,

Moment Distribution Method, Clapeyrons Theorem (Three Moment

Equation), Kani’s method of analysis.

Fluid Mechanics and Water Resources Engineering (10 Marks)

Fluid Statics- Fluid pressure, Buoyancy and floatation, Fluid Kinematics,

Dynamics of fluid flow, Flow through orifice and notches, Flow through pipes,

Boundary layer, Drag and Lift on immersed bodies. Hydraulic machines- flow

through vanes (moving and stationary) Impulse and reaction Turbines,

Centrifugal Pumps, Open channel flow, Uniform flow,Hydraulic Jump, Gradually

varied flow, Dimensional analysis and model testing.Hydrologic cycle,

Precipitation, Infiltration and Evaporation-measurement and data analysis.

Runoff-components and computation, Hydrograph, Unit Hydrograph and SHydrograph. Irrigation types and methods-Soil water plant relationships,

Frequency of irrigation, Computation of crop water requirement. Stream flow

measurement -Stage-discharge curve.Meandering of rivers, river training

works. Surface water systems: diversion and storage systems, reservoir -

estimation of storage capacity and yield of reservoirs - reservoir

sedimentation -useful life of reservoir. Groundwater - Aquifer types and

properties – Steady radial flow into a well. Estimation of yield of an open well.

Surveying and Levelling, Quantity Surveying and Valuation (10 Marks)

Basics of Surveying, Levelling and Contouring, Area and Volume Computation,

Theodolite Survey, Mass Diagram, Triangulation, Theory of Errors, Electronic

Distance Measurement, Total Station Survey, Global Positioning Systems,

Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System Analysis of rates - Data

book and schedule of rates, Analysis of rates for various items of

work, Detailed specification. Types of Estimate. Detailed estimate including

quantities, abstract and preparation of various items of works, Preparation of

bar bending schedules for various RCC works. Valuation- Methods of valuation,

Depreciation, Fixation of rent.

Building materials, Construction Technology, Construction Management (20 Marks)

Construction Materials – Timber, Mortar, Iron and Steel, Structural steel,

Modern materials. Concrete–Admixtures, Making of concrete, Properties of

concrete, Mix proportioning. Building construction- Foundations, Cost-effective

construction, Masonry, Lintels and arches. Floors and flooring, Roofs and roof

coverings, Doors, windows and ventilators, Finishing works. Tall Buildings –

Steel and Concrete frame, Prefabricated construction, Slip form construction.

Vertical transportation – Stairs, Elevators, Escalators and Ramps. Building

failures and Retrofitting, failures in RCC and Steel structures. Construction

Planning and Scheduling, Construction disputes and settlement, Ethics in

Construction, Construction safety, Principles of materials management, Quality

management practices, Construction procedures.

Environmental Engineering (10 Marks)

Water sources and demand, Quantity estimation, Population forecasting,

Quality of water. Water treatment- Physical methods, Chemical methods.

Design of sedimentation tank, flocculator, clariflocculator, filters, Membrane

treatment techniques. Disinfection methods. Distribution of water, Pumps,

Hardy Cross method of analysis Waste water- Sources, Characteristics, Oxygen

demand. Design of sewers, Circular sewers, Partial flow and full flow conditions.

Sewer appurtenances, Disposal of wastewater, Streeter Phelps equation,

Oxygen sag curve, Treatment methods, Aerobic and anaerobic methods,

Design of various treatment units-Screening, Grit chamber, Sedimentation

tank, Activated Sludge process, Trickling filter, Rotating biological contactor,

Septic tanks, Imhoff tanks, Oxidation ditches, Oxidation ponds, Upflow

anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, Sludge digestion, Sludge drying bed. Air

pollution-sources, effects on human, Control of air pollutants, Air quality

legislations.

Design of Structures (20 Marks)

Limit state method of design, Analysis of reinforced rectangular beams, Shear

strength of RC beam, Design of shear reinforcement, Bond and development

length, Curtailment of reinforcement, Design for torsion, Design of one way

slab, Cantilever slab, Continuous slab (detailing only), Two way slabs, Limit

state of serviceability, Deflection, Cracking, Stair cases -design & detailing.

Columns-effective length-design of axially loaded short columns

with rectangular ties and helical reinforcement. Columns subjected to

compression, Uniaxial bending and biaxial bending, Design of slender

columns, Design of wall/strip footing- design of footings, Design of cantilever

retaining wall without surcharge, design principles of counter fort retaining

wall, Circular slabs simply supported, fixed and partially fixed subjected to udl,

Design of water tanks, Design philosophy and requirements, joints, IS code

recommendations, Pre-stressed concrete,Concept of prestressing, materials

and methods of prestressing, Prestressing systems, losses of prestress,

Analysis of prestressed beams (rectangular and I-sections) at stages of transfer

and service Steel and steel structures – Bolted and welded connections, Tension

members, Compression members, Beams, Roof trusses, Purlins. Timber

structures- columns, composite beams(concepts only)

Geotechnical Engineering (10 Marks)

Major soil deposits of India, Classification and three phase system of soil,

Permeability of soils, Principle of effective stress, Shear characteristics of soil,

Consolidation (Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional consolidation only) and

Compaction. Stability of finite slopes-Swedish Circle Method and Friction circle

method, Stresses in subsoil due to loaded areas of various shapes,

Boussinesq’s formula, Newmark’s chart Lateral earth pressure-Rankine’s and

Coulomb’ theories Bearing capacity of soil, Estimation of magnitude of

settlement, Site investigation, Standard Penetration Test and Plate load test,

Design of shallow, deep and machine foundations,Ground improvement

techniques.

Transportation Engineering and Urban Planning (10 Marks)

Classification and alignment of highways, Geometric design of highways,

Properties and testing of pavement materials, CBR method of flexible

pavement design, Construction and maintenance of pavements, Design of

runways, taxiways and aprons. Traffic characteristics- Traffic studies and

analysis, Traffic control devices. Airport characteristics- Aircraft component

parts. Site selection, Terminal area planning- Airport marking and lighting.

Traffic regulation rules, Highway capacity, Traffic safety, Influencing factors and

preventive measures for traffic accidents, Basic diagrams of traffic flow theory.

Railways- geometric design of tracks, railway operation control, Maintenance.

Alignment, Ventilation and drainage of tunnels, Types of harbours and docks.

Goals and objectives of planning; Components of planning, Regional planning,

Theories of urbanization, Study of Urban Forms, Zoning, Development of new

towns, Town Development Plan, Town planning acts.

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AE Agro Industries Syllabus Download| 595/2024 Syllabus Kerala PSC

DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF ASSISTANT ENGINEER- THE KERALA

AGRO INDUSTRIES CORPORATION LIMITED (CATEGORY NO.595/2024)

TOTAL – 100 MARKS

Mechanical Engineering

Industrial Management and Industrial Engineering 10Marks

Principles of Management: Meaning of management–Taylor’s scientific management, Functions of

management–Different types of ownership–organizational structure. Principles of a good Wage

Payment System, minimum wages, Incentives. Quality Planning and its developments –

Definitions, dimensions, and TQM concepts

Project Management Techniques: Commonly used terms in CPM and PERT, critical path, slack, or

float, Comparison between CPM and PERT

Quantitative techniques in Management: Linear programming –formulation of LPP–transportation

problem– Least cost method, North-West corner rule, Vogel’s approximation method

Inventory management – definition and classification – EOQ and ABC analysis. Sales – sales

forecasting.

Meaning of the terms production and productivity – types of production – Job production batch

production, mass production, continuous production – Scheduling – Dispatching – Plant location

and layout, Factors to be considered in locating industrial plants – Types of layouts

Method Study: Work study – Method study – Process chart symbols – operation process chart, flow

process chart, man-machine chart, and SIMO chart, Principles of motion economy, Objectives of

work measurement – Procedure of stop watch time study.

Concept of quality and quality control, Control Charts introduction, types of control charts – X-bar,

R, P, 100P and C.

Fundamental Statistical Concepts: frequency, frequency distribution and frequency plot–Normal

distribution curve – Explanation of the terms mean, mode, median and standard deviation

Project Analysis: Need and scope for project analysis–Explanation of the constituents elements of

project analysis

Metallurgy and Machine Tools 10Marks

Metals and alloys: Structure of materials – Crystal structure –BCC, FCC and HCP – Ferrous and

non-ferrous– Cast iron, Manufacturing of Pig iron – Blast Furnace – Manufacturing of Cast iron –

Cupola Furnace – Types of steel – Manufacturing of steel, Steel alloys – Non ferrous metals and

alloys–Aluminium, Copper and its alloys–Crucible furnace.

Heat Treatment Processes: iron carbon equilibrium diagram – TTT diagram – Micro constituents of

steel – Heat treatment process

Properties, testing and inspection of materials: Mechanical properties such as strength, hardness,

toughness, brittleness, creep, fatigue, stiffness, ductility, malleability, elasticity and plasticity–

Thermal properties such as specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, and thermal

diffusivity–Destructive tests and Non-destructive tests.

Classification of measuring instruments – precision and non precision instruments – Direct reading

and indirect measuring instruments, classifications of gauges, comparators.

Principle of arc welding, selection of welding electrodes, Electrode coatings – Functions of

electrode coating, Gas welding, submerged arc welding, tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, metal

inert gas (MIG) welding, Atomic hydrogen welding and thermit welding – Defects in welding –

causes and remedies of the defects such as porosity, poor penetration, warping, under cut, distortion

crack, poor appearances, soldering, brazing.

Metal Cutting: Orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting, Tool life, Machinability.

Type of lathes, Lathe accessories, Work holding and tool holding devices, Speed, feed and depth of

cut – Operations – taper turning methods – Lathe specification.

Drilling Machines: Classification–Work holding devices–Types of drill bits–Tool holding devices–

Operations. Shaping Machines: Parts and their functions. Milling Machines: General use of milling

machines–Parts of milling machines and their functions–types of milling machines, Milling

operations, Types of indexing.

Definition of jigs and fixtures.

Grinding: Abrasives, Bonding materials, kinds of abrasives, functions of the grinding wheels

Flexible Manufacturing System: Flexible automation–flexible manufacturing cell – components of

FMS. Computer Numerical Control (CNC)

Fluid Mechanics, Pneumatic and Hydraulic Machines 10Marks

Properties of Fluids: Density–specific weight–specific volume–specific gravity – viscosity –

Newton’s law of viscosity –types of fluids– compressibility – surface tension –capillarity.

Fluid Pressure and its Measurement: Fluid pressure at a point– Pascal’s law – absolute, gauge,

atmospheric and vacuum pressures, measurement of fluid pressure – pressure measuring devices.

Types of fluid flow –steady and unsteady flow – uniform and non-uniform flow – laminar and

turbulent flow – compressible and incompressible flow – rotational and irrotational flow -

continuity of liquid flow – energy of a liquid in motion–Bernoulli’s equation–practical applications

of Bernoulli’s equation.

Impact of Jets: Force exerted by the jet, Impulse turbines – classification – Pelton wheel

components. Reaction Turbines: Components – difference between impulse and reaction turbines,

classification of Reaction Turbines, specific speed.

Pumps: Types of pumps, centrifugal pumps – efficiencies – discharge – power required to drive –

multi stagepumps– specific speedof CP –cavitation– priming. Reciprocating Pump – Types –

comparison of CP & RP – discharge – slip – air vessels, Hydraulic ram.

Applied Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Design of Machine Elements 10Marks

Direct Stresses and Strains: Types of Stresses and strains–tensile and compressive – longitudinal

and lateral strain – Poisson’s ratio – stress strain diagram – limit of proportionality – elastic limit –

yield point – ultimate stress – working stress – factor of safety – comparison of stress strain

diagrams, principle of superposition – stresses in varying section – stresses in composite section.

Shear stress and strain – modulus of rigidity –volumetric strain, bulk modulus. Nature and

magnitude of stresses due to change in temperature.

Introduction – type of friction – static friction, dynamic friction, sliding friction, rolling friction,

pivot friction, limiting friction, angle of friction, coefficient of friction, cone of friction.

Moment of inertia–radius of gyration.

Joints: Riveted Joints – types–lap joint–single riveted, double riveted – failure of riveted joints,

Welded Joints: Welding terms, strength of welded joints.

Torsion equation – strength equation for solid and hollow shaft, power equation – polar moment of

inertia.

Springs: Types of spring–leaf spring–helical springs.

Types of beams – cantilever beam, simply supported beam, overhanging beam, built in beam or

fixed beam and continuous beam, types of loading, shear force and bending moment diagrams –

maximum bending moment on the section. – deflection of beams. Column, strut, buckling load,

equivalent length, slenderness ratio –types of columns–short column, medium size column, long

column.

Thread terminology – Forms of screw threads -Witworth thread, British Association thread,

American standard thread –Acme thread–ISO metric thread–square thread–single start and multi

start threads right hand and left hand threads – conventional representation of threads. Bolted

connection using standard proportions.

Limits, Fits and Tolerances: Definition of limits, fits and tolerances. Surface roughness terminology

– surface roughness values.

General design procedure – Design stress and working stress – factor of safety – Kinematic link –

pair – chain – four bar chain – examples and applications– mechanism– inversion.

Torsional stresses and strains – strength of solid and hollow shaft – design of shaft considering

strength and rigidity – comparisons – power transmitted by shaft – solid and hollow shafts in terms

of their weight, strength and stiffness. Shaft couplings–requirement–types.

Functions of bearings – classification of bearings – Radial bearings – thrust bearings – sliding

contact bearings – rolling contact bearings.

Classification of followers and cams – motion of the followers – uniform velocity, simple harmonic

motion – displacement diagrams.

Governors and Flywheels: Functions of the governors – types of governors – flywheels – coefficient

of fluctuation of energy.

Gears and Gear Trains: Functions of gears – advantages and disadvantages of a gear drive – spur

gear nomenclature – simple gear drive – velocity ratio – gear trains–simple gear train– compound

gear train.

Thermal Engineering 10Marks

Air Standard Cycles: Assumption, Air standard efficiency–explanation with diagrams and

derivation of air standard efficiency of Carnot Cycle, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, dual combustion

cycle. Classification of fuels – solid, liquid and gaseous – requirements of a good fuel – Calorific

Value –combustion of fuel.

Performance of I. C. Engines – testing, Total fuel consumption and Specific Fuel Consumption –

Morse test of multi-cylinder engines.

Heat Transfer: Heat Transfer – conduction, convection and radiation – Fourier's law – Thermal

conductivity – Conduction through plane wall and composite wall –Black body concept – StefanBoltzman law – free and forced convection, Heat exchangers – Classification – regenerative type,

parallel flow, counter flow type and cross flow, LMTD.

Air Compressors: Construction and working of Air compressors – function of an air compressor –

uses of compressed air – classification of the air compressors –working of reciprocating

compressors (single stage and two stage), rotary compressors – fans and blowers, centrifugal

compressors and axial flow compressors.

IC Engine sub-systems: Fuel systems, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system –

quantity governing – quality governing–hit and miss governing.

Definition of refrigeration, concept of C. O. P., unit of refrigeration–reversed Carnot cycle – COP,

Application of refrigeration.

Principles and working of a vapour compression system with the help of flow diagram. C.O.P. of

vapour compression systems. Compressors – Condensers – Evaporators–Expansion Devices–

capillary tube, Thermostatic expansion valve. Definition of refrigerants, primary and secondary

refrigerants, desirable properties of refrigerants.

Psychrometry - principles and uses, Sensible heating, sensible cooling–humidifying, dehumidifying.

Definition of air conditioning, classification, factors affecting human comfort, effective

temperature, working of summer air conditioning, winter and year round air-conditioning.

Agricultural Engineering

Module – I Marks: 5

Primary and secondary tillage operations -mould board plough, disc plough- functional component,

accessories and attachments- chisel plough- subsoiler- horizontal and vertical suction of MB plough

-forces acting on tillage implements- field efficiencies. Draft measurement of tillage implements and

calculation of power requirement for tillage. Sowing, planting and weeding equipment. Seed drills

and planters –types of seed metering mechanisms and furrow openers. Calibration and adjustments of

seed drills and planters. Sprayers and dusters. types of nozzles.

Module – II Marks: 5

Harvesting- methods and technologies: Reapers (VCR), mowers and chaff cutters. Threshers: types of

threshing drums- factors affecting thresher performance. Winnowers. Grain and straw Combines–

computation of combine losses. Tractors and power tillers - engines -power transmission systems:

clutch, gearbox, differential and final drives. Tractor power outlets- p.t.o power and drawbar power.

Determination of maximum draw bar pull. Tractor tyres. Traction aids. Centre of gravity and moment

of inertia of tractors.

Module - III Marks: 5

Hitching of implements – mounted, semi-mounted and trailed type implements. Traction mechanics:

pull and draft, coefficient of traction, tractive efficiency and weight transfer. Calculation of field

capacity and field efficiency- Economics of machinery usage, fixed cost, variable costs- estimating

the cost of operation and break-even point.

Module - IV Marks: 5

Testing of tractors and farm machines: type of tests, test codes and procedure. Ergonomic

considerations in designing farm machines – anthropometry and assessment of energy expenditure.

Vibration and noise levels and its physiological effects. Non-conventional energy sources- solar

thermal energy conversion- flat plate and concentrating collectors - solar constant - photovoltaic

electric production– PV systems.

Module - V Marks: 5

Wind energy conversion- power coefficient- Betz limit -Bio energy: thermo chemical energy

conversion of biomass- biomass gasification- gasifiers – biochemical energy conversion of biomass:

anaerobic digestion process - fixed and floating type bio gas plants-bio mass characteristics. Gasifier

technology- types of gasifiers.

Module - VI Marks: 5

Soil properties influencing irrigation management- soil- water relations- infiltration characteristics

of soil and equations -water requirement of crops. Mechanics and types of soil erosion- soil loss

estimation -biological and engineering measures to control erosion- water harvesting structures.

Estimation of mean rain fall. Measurement of run off – Cook’s method. Linear, aerial and relief

aspects of watersheds –stream order. Watershed management: factors and measures. Hydrographapplications and limitations.

Module - VII Marks: 5

Surveying: basic principles and classification. Levelling – rise and fall system, classification of

levelling. Total station and GPS survey. Remote Sensing: basic components, advantages and

limitations. Types of sensors and platforms. GIS: basic components, spatial data, map projections,

data models and its integration. Properties of fluids- hydrostatic pressure and its measurementBernoulli's theorem- laminar flow in pipes- general equation for head loss-Darcy’s equation- major

and minor losses through pipes and fittings- open channel hydraulics-Chezy’s and Bazin’s formulaon farm structures for water conveyance- control and distribution-drop structures.

Module - VIII Marks: 5

Surface and sub surface drainage – coefficient- design parameters - hydraulic conductivitydrainable porosity - Hooghoudt’s spacing equations. Hydraulics of flow in wells- centrifugal

pumps- total pumping head-NPSH- maximum suction lift- power requirement - performance

curves. Sprinkler and drip irrigation systems- layout- hydraulic design of lateral sub-main and main

pipe line- selection of pump.

Module - IX Marks: 5

Rheological properties- force deformation- stress- strain- elastic –plastic- and viscous behaviordrying - theory of grain drying- moisture content and water activity- free, bound and equilibrium

moisture content. Equipment for cleaning and grading. Size reduction: fineness modulus- principles

of comminution: laws and procedures, crushing, impact, cutting and shearing.

Module – X Marks: 5

Principles of processing and preservation: blanching and canning. Thermal processing of food –

freezing, refrigeration and cold storage. Drying: hysteresis effect -EMC determination psychometric

chart. Grain dryers - batch and continuous type -types of grain dryers: deep bed dryer- flat bed,

continuous flow and LSU dryer. Storage of grains - improved storage structures: CAP, hermetic

storage, pusabin, RCC ring bins.

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[PDF] Syllabus Assistant Professor Hotel Management|570/2024 Syllabus Kerala PSC

Part I- 100 Marks

Module 1

Organisational behaviour and mangerial functions

Role of a manager-decision making-organisational climate and change-organisation structure and processes-behavioural dynamics

Module 2

Hospitality operations management

Food & beverage management- accommodation management-managing environmental issues- hospitality entrepreneurship-laws and standards related to hospitality business

Module 3

Fundamentals of marketing management

Evolution of marketing-nine principles of marketingmarketing strategy for hospitality industry-the service quality-pricing strategies and techniques in hospitalitypublicity and promotion-experimental marketingconsumer protection in india-financial control in marketing-marketing audit

Module 4

Management of production and operations

Issues in production/operations management, forecasting, production system design, production planning & scheduling, materials planning, emerging issues in planning/operations management

Module 5

Principles of revenue and yield management

The concept of revenue management- measuring yieldelements of revenue management-using revenue management-revenue management computer softwarerevenue management team-industry-wise comparison of yield management application

Module 6

Marketing research and data analytics

Marketing resarch concepts and design-data collection-data processing and analysis-multivariate analysis

Module 7

Ecnomics in management

Introduction to management economics-demand & revenue analysis-production and cost analysis-pricing decisions

Module 8

Planning for human resources

Learning organization and leadership-basics of human resource planning-job evaluation-action areas – issues and experiences-measurements in human resource planningcorporate social responsibilities- competency mapping & concept of asessment centers-human resource development

Module 9

Sales management

Sales management functions-selling skills- sales force management-planning and control of the sales effort

Module 10

Labour laws (legal framework in hospitality)

Introduction to labour legislation-laws on working conditions-industrial relations law-wages and labour laws-laws for labour welfare and social security

Paper II

Development and planning of property

Technical requirements as established by law and need-facilities design & analysis-global green initiative-planning for special guests- study of architectural features of some of the prominent hotels

Module 1

Service marketing & consumer behaviour in hospitality industry

Marketing of services - concepts and issuesmarketing of hospitality services - concepts & issues, marketing of education & professional services, consumer behaviour - issues & concepts, individual influences on buying behaviour, group influences on consumer behaviour, the buying process, modelling buyer behaviour

Module 2

International marketing in hospitality

Introduction to international marketing, environment of international business, policy frame work and procedural aspects, international marketing mix, international marketing planning

Module 3

International marketing in hospitality

Introduction to international marketing, environment of international business, policy frame work and procedural aspects, international marketing mix, international marketing planning

Module 4

Information technology in hospitality management

Managerial applications of computers-computers and decisional techniques-advanced decisional techniques-management information systemsystems analysis and computer languages

Module 5

Materials and equipment management

Material handling-materials management-work study-quality control-maintenance managementwaste mangement-packaging & distribution mangement

Module 6

Research methodology

Introduction to research methodology-data collection & measurement-data presentation & analysis-report writing & presentation

Module 7

Mice

Corporate sector & business traveller-incentive travel-meetings,workshop,seminar& conferencetrade fair & exhibitions-planning mice-linkage with tourism-convention management, managing expositions

Module 8

Entrepreneurial management in small and medium business enterprises

Entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, establishing small-scale enterprises, small-scale enterprises – getting organized, operating the small-scale enterprise, performance appraisal and growth strategies

Module 9

Organisational change management strategies

Concept of managing change-daiognosis and intervention-models of organisational changeconsulting: approches & skills

Module 10

Social processes and behavioural challenges

Social and orgnisational cultures-intra-personal processess-group and intergroup processesorganisational processes

Total marks 100

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Syllabus Junior Analyst Kerala Minerals And Metals Limited|131/2024 Syllabus Kerala PSC

    DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF     JUNIOR ANALYST      INKERALA
MINERALS AND METALS LIMITED  

(CATEGORY NOS.: 131/2024 ) ­ TOTAL MARKS : 100

1) Atomic structure and chemical bonding - (10 marks)

Bohr’s theory, atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom, de Broglie equation, Heisenberg’s

Uncertainty Principle, Schrödinger’s wave equation, Quantum numbers and their significance,

Shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule of maximum

multiplicity, Aufbau’s principle, Variation of orbital energy with atomic number, s, p, d, f block

elements and their properties. Shielding effect, Slater rules, variation of effective nuclear

charge in periodic table. Ionization enthalpy, factors affecting ionization energy, applications of

ionization enthalpy. Electron gain enthalpy, trends of electron gain enthalpy. Electronegativity,

Pauling’s/ Mulliken’s and Allred Rachow’s electronegativity scales, hybridization, Inert pair

effect, relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and anomalous

behaviour of first member of each group. Structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses

of boric acid and borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane), carboranes, silanes, Oxides

and oxoacids of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine, Peroxo acids of sulphur, interhalogen

compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudohalogens and basic properties of halogens. Occurrence and

uses of noble gases, clathrates; preparation and properties of XeF 2 , XeF 4 and XeF 6.

Radius ratio rule, Born-Haber cycle and its application, Solvation energy. Lewis

structure, valence bond theory, resonance and resonance energy, Molecular orbital theory.

Molecular orbital diagrams of diatomic and simple polyatomic molecules N 2 , O 2 , C 2 , B 2 ,

F 2 , CO, NO, and their ions; Formal charge, Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory

(VSEPR), shapes of simple molecules and ions containing lone pairs and bond pairs of

electrons, Covalent character in ionic compounds, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s

rules and consequences of polarization. Ionic character in covalent compounds: Bond moment

and dipole moment. Percentage ionic character from dipole moment and electronegativity

difference. Semiconductors and insulators, defects in solids. van der Waals forces, Hydrogen

bonding and its effects on melting and boiling points, solubility and energetic of dissolution

process.

2)Coordination chemistry, metallurgy and bioinorganic chemistry (10 marks)

Werner’s theory, IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in

coordination compounds. Stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers.

Chelate effect, valence bond theory (inner and outer orbital complexes), back bonding. Crystal

field theory, CFSE in weak and strong fields, pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude

of 10 Dq (Δo, Δt). Octahedral vs. tetrahedral coordination, tetragonal distortions from

octahedral geometry Jahn-Teller theorem, square planar geometry. Qualitative aspect of Ligand

field and MO Theory. Substitution reactions in square planar complexes, Trans- effect,

mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in square planar complexes, Thermodynamic and

Kinetic stability, Kinetics of octahedral substitution, Ligand field effects and reaction rates,

Mechanism of substitution in octahedral complexes.

Chief modes of occurrence of metals, electrolytic Reduction, hydrometallurgy, methods

of purification of metals: Electrolytic, Kroll process, van Arkel and Mond’s process, Zone

refining. Metal ions present in biological systems, classification of elements according to their

action in biological system. Sodium / K-pump, carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase.

Excess and deficiency of some trace metals. Toxicity of metal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As),

reasons for toxicity, Use of chelating agents in medicine. Iron and its application in biosystems, Haemoglobin; Storage and transfer of iron.

3)Organometallic compounds - (7 marks)

 Classification of organometallic compounds on the basis of bond type. Concept of

hapticity of organic ligands. Metal carbonyls: 18 electron rule, electron count of mononuclear,

polynuclear and substituted metal carbonyls of 3d series. General methods of preparation

(direct combination, reductive carbonylation, thermal and photochemical decomposition) of

mono and binuclear carbonyls of 3d series. Structures of mononuclear and binuclear carbonyls

of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni using VBT. - acceptor behaviour of CO, synergic effect and use of 

IR data to explain extent of back bonding. Zeise’s salt: Preparation and structure.

Metal Alkyls: Important structural features of methyl lithium (tetramer) and trialkyl

aluminium (dimer), concept of multicentre bonding in these compounds. Role of

triethylaluminium in polymerisation of ethene (Ziegler – Natta Catalyst). Ferrocene:

Preparation and reactions (acetylation, alkylation, metallation, Mannich Condensation).

Structure and aromaticity. Comparison of aromaticity and reactivity with that of benzene.

Mechanism of Alkene hydrogenation (Wilkinsons Catalyst), Hydroformylation (Co salts),

Wacker Process, Synthetic gasoline (Fischer Tropsch reaction).

4) Qualitative and quantitative aspects of analysis - (7 marks)

Sampling, evaluation of analytical data, errors, accuracy and precision, methods of their

expression, statistical test of data; F, Q and t test

Basic principles involved in analysis of cations and anions and solubility products,

common ion effect. Principles involved in separation of cations into groups and choice of group

reagents. Interfering anions (fluoride, borate, oxalate and phosphate) and need to remove them

after Group II. Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry: Basic principles,

Techniques of atomization and sample introduction; sources of chemical interferences and their

method of removal. Techniques for the quantitative estimation of trace level of metal ions from

samples. Classification of electroanalytical methods, basic principle of pH metric,

potentiometric and conductometric titrations. Techniques used for the determination of pK a

values. Theory of thermogravimetry (TG), Techniques for quantitative estimation of Ca and Mg

from their mixture. Complexometric titration: EDTA titration.

5) Organic reaction mechanism and stereochemistry - (7 marks)

Classification and nomenclature of organic compounds, hybridization, Inductive,

electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation and their applications.

Organic acids and bases; their relative strength. Homolytic and heterolytic fission, electrophiles

and nucleophiles; Types, shape and their relative stability of carbocations, carbanions, free

radicals and carbenes. Introduction to types of organic reactions and their mechanism:

Addition, Elimination and Substitution reactions. Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse

Projection formulae and their interconversions; Geometrical isomerism: cis–trans and, syn-anti

isomerism E/Z notations with C.I.P rules. Optical Isomerism: Optical Activity, Specific

Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more chiral-centres,

Distereoisomers, meso structures, Racemic mixture and resolution. Relative and absolute

configuration: D/L and R/S designations.

Applications of IR, UV and NMR for identification of simple organic molecules.

6) Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons - (6 marks)

Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig Reactions, Free radical

substitutions: Halogenation-relative reactivity and selectivity. Formation of alkenes and alkynes

by elimination reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb reactions. Saytzeff and Hofmann

eliminations. Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic additions their mechanisms (Markownikoff/

Anti Markownikoff addition), mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroborationoxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation

(oxidation), 1,2 and 1,4-addition reactions in conjugated dienes, Diels-Alder reaction; Allylic

and benzylic bromination and mechanism, Reactions of alkynes: Acidity, Electrophilic and

Nucleophilic additions. Hydration to form carbonyl compounds, Alkylation of terminal

alkynes. Types of cycloalkanes and their relative stability, Baeyer strain theory, Conformation

analysis of alkanes and cyclohexane.Aromaticity: Hückel’s rule, aromatic character of arenes,

cyclic carbocations/carbanions and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Craft’s

alkylation/acylation with their mechanism. Directing effects of the groups. Preparation and

reactions of naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene.

7) Halogenated hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds - (6 marks)

Alkyl halides: Methods of preparation, nucleophilic substitution reactions – S N 1, S N 2

and S N i mechanisms with stereochemical aspects and effect of solvent etc.; nucleophilic

substitution vs. elimination.

Aryl halides: Methods of reparation, nucleophilic aromatic substitution; SNAr, Benzyne

mechanism. Relative reactivity of alkyl, allyl/benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards

nucleophilic substitution reactions. Organometallic compounds of Mg and Li – use in synthesis

of organic compounds. Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity in 5-numbered

and 6-membered rings containing one heteroatom; Synthesis, reactions and mechanism of

substitution reactions of: Furan, Pyrrole (Paal-Knorr synthesis, Knorr pyrrole synthesis,

Hantzsch synthesis), Thiophene, Pyridine (Hantzsch synthesis), Pyrimidine, Skraup synthesis,

Friedlander’s synthesis, Knorr quinoline synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski reaction Derivatives of

furan: Furfural and furoic acid.

8) Alcohols, phenols, ethers, epoxides and nitrogen compounds - (6 marks)

Alcohols: preparation, properties and relative reactivity of 1 , 2°, 3° alcohols, BouvaeltBlanc Reduction; Preparation and properties of glycols: Oxidation by periodic acid and lead

tetraacetate, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.

Phenols: Preparation and properties; Acidity and factors effecting it, Ring substitution

reactions, Reimer–Tiemann and Kolbe’s–Schmidt Reactions, Fries and Claisen rearrangements

with mechanism.

Ethers and Epoxides: Preparation and reactions with acids. Reactions of epoxides with

alcohols, ammonia derivatives and LiAlH 4

Preparation and important reactions of nitro compounds, nitriles, isonitriles and amines:

Effect of substituent and solvent on basicity of amines; Gabriel phthalimide synthesis,

Carbylamine reaction, Mannich reaction, Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Hofmannelimination reaction; Distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° amines with Hinsberg reagent and

nitrous acid. Diazonium Salts: Preparation and their synthetic applications.

9) Carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids and their derivatives - (6 marks)

Structure, reactivity and preparation of carbonyl compounds. Nucleophilic additions,

Nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions with ammonia derivatives. Mechanisms of Aldol

and Benzoin condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, Claisan-Schmidt, Perkin, Cannizzaro

and Wittig reaction, Beckmann and Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangements, haloform reaction and

Baeyer Villiger oxidation, α- substitution reactions, oxidations and reductions (Clemmensen,

Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH 4 , NaBH 4 , MPV), Michael addition. Active methylene compounds:

Keto-enol tautomerism. Preparation and synthetic applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl

acetoacetate. Preparation, physical properties and reactions of monocarboxylic acids. Typical

reactions of dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids and unsaturated acids: succinic/phthalic, lactic,

malic, tartaric, citric, maleic and fumaric acids. Preparation and reactions of acid chlorides,

anhydrides, esters and amides; Comparative study of nucleophilic sustitution at acyl group

-Mechanism of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of esters, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann and

Reformatsky reactions, Hofmann- bromamide degradation and Curtius rearrangement.

10) Gaseous, liquid and solid states - (6 marks)

kinetic gas equation, collision frequency, collision diameter, mean free path and

viscosity of gases, relation between mean free path and coefficient of viscosity, variation of

viscosity with temperature and pressure. Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating

molecular velocities (average, root mean square and most probable), law of equipartition of

energy, degrees of freedom and molecular basis ofheat capacities. Behaviour of real gases:

Deviations from ideal gas behaviour, compressibility factor, Z, and its variation with pressure

for different gases. van der Waals equation of state, virial equation of state; van der Waals

equation expressed in virial form and calculation of Boyle temperature. Isotherms of real gases

and their comparison with van der Waals isotherms, continuity of states, critical state, relation

between critical constants and van der Waals constants, law of corresponding states. physical

properties of liquids; vapour pressure, surface tension and coefficient of viscosity, and their

determination. Effect of addition of various solutes on surface tension and viscosity. Cleansing

action of detergents. Temperature variation of viscosity of liquids and comparison with that of

gases. Nature of the solid state, law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rational indices,

Miller indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations,

qualitative idea of point and space groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices;

X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, Analysis of powder diffraction patterns of NaCl, CsCl and KCl.

Defects in crystals. Glasses and liquid crystals.

11) Ionic and chemical equilibria, phase equilibria - (6 marks)

Degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic

product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect, dissociation

constants of mono-, di-and triprotic acids. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant,

degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, Henderson equation and its

applications, buffer capacity, buffer action and applications of buffers in analytical chemistry

and biochemical processes in the human body. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly

soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Qualitative treatment of acid – base

titration curves (calculation of pH at various stages). Theory of acid–base indicators; selection

of indicators and their limitations. Criteria of thermodynamic equilibrium, chemical equilibria

in ideal gases, concept of fugacity. Thermodynamic relation between Gibbs free energy of

reaction and reaction quotient. Equilibrium constants and their quantitative dependence on

temperature, pressure and concentration. Free energy of mixing and spontaneity; relations

between the various equilibrium constants K p , K c and K x . Le Chatelier principle. Concept

of phases, components and degrees of freedom, Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its

applications to solid- liquid, liquid-vapour and solid-vapour equilibria, phase diagram for one

component systems, with applications. Phase diagrams for systems of solid-liquid equilibria

involving eutectic, congruent and incongruent melting points, solid solutions. Three component

systems, water- chloroform-acetic acid system Binary solutions: Gibbs-Duhem-Margules

equation and its applications to fractional distillation of binary miscible liquids (ideal and

nonideal), azeotropes, partial miscibility of liquids, CST, miscible pairs, steam distillation.

Nernst distribution law and its applications Dilute solutions, lowering of vapour pressure,

Raoult’s and Henry’s Laws and their applications. Applications of relative lowering of vapour

pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point and osmotic pressure in

calculating molar masses of solutes in solution.

12) Chemical thermodynamics - (6 marks)

Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open

systems; zeroth law of thermodynamics. Concept of heat (q), work(w), internal energy (U) and

statement of first law, enthalpy (H), relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, U

and H for reversible, irreversible and free expansion of gases (ideal and van der Waals) under

isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Heats of reactions: standard states; enthalpy of formation

of molecules and ions and enthalpy of combustion and its applications; calculation of bond

energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data, effect of

temperature (Kirchhoff’s equations) and pressure on enthalpy of reactions. Concept of entropy;

thermodynamic scale of temperature, statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

Calculation of entropy change for reversible and irreversible processes. Statement of third law,

concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of molecules. Gibbs and Helmholtz

energy; variation of S, G, A with T, V, P; Free energy change and spontaneity. Relation between

Joule-Thomson coefficient and other thermodynamic parameters; inversion temperature;

Gibbs-Helmholtz equation; Maxwell relations; thermodynamic equation of state.

13) Chemical kinetics, surface chemistry and catalysis - (5 marks)

Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a

reaction, differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions,

experimental methods of the determination of rate laws, kinetics of complex reactions,

opposing reactions parallel reactions and consecutive reactions and their differential rate

equations (steady-state approximation in reaction mechanisms), chain reactions. Temperature

dependence of reaction rates, Arrhenius equation, activation energy. Collision theory of

reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism, Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption

isotherms. nature of adsorbed state. Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of

catalyzed reactions at solid surfaces; effect of particle size and efficiency of nanoparticles as

catalysts. Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism, acid-base catalysis.

14) Electrochemistry - (6 marks)

Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for

weak and strong electrolytes. Molar conductivity at infinite dilution. Kohlrausch law of

independent migration of ions. Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation, Wien effect, DebyeFalkenhagen effect, Walden’s rules. Ionic velocities, mobilities and their determinations,

transference numbers and their relation to ionic mobilities, determination of transference

numbers using Hittorf and Moving Boundary methods. Applications of conductance

measurement: Quantitative aspects of Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, rules of

oxidation/reduction of ions based on half-cell potentials, applications of electrolysis in

metallurgy and industry. Chemical cells, reversible and irreversible cells with examples.

Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement, Nernst equation; Standard electrode

(reduction) potential and its application to different kinds of half-cells. Application of EMF

measurements in determining free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell reaction, equilibrium

constants, and pH values, using hydrogen, quinone-hydroquinone and glass electrodes.

Concentration cells with and without transference, liquid junction potential; determination of

activity coefficients and transference numbers. potentiometric titrations (acid-base, redox,

precipitation).

15) Molecular spectroscopy - (6 marks)

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra;

Born- Oppenheimer approximation. Rotation spectroscopy: Selection rules, intensities of

spectral lines, determination of bond lengths of diatomic and linear triatomic molecules,

isotopic substitution Vibrational spectroscopy: Classical equation of vibration, computation of

force constant, amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations, anharmonicity, Morse potential,

dissociation energies, fundamental frequencies, overtones, hot bands, degrees of freedom for

polyatomic molecules, modes of vibration, concept of group frequencies. Vibration-rotation

spectroscopy: diatomic vibrating rotator, P, Q, R branches. Raman spectroscopy: Qualitative

treatment of Rotational Raman effect; Effect of nuclear spin, Vibrational Raman spectra, Stokes

and anti-Stokes lines; their intensity difference, rule of mutual exclusion. Electronic

spectroscopy: Franck-Condon principle, electronic transitions, singlet and triplet states,

fluorescence and phosphorescence, dissociation and predissociation. Nuclear Magnetic

Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: Principles of NMR spectroscopy, Larmor precession,

chemical shift and low resolution spectra, different scales, spin-spin coupling and high

resolution spectra, interpretation of PMR spectra of organic molecules. Electron Spin

Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy: principle, hyperfine structure, ESR of simple radicals.

Download Syllabus PDF

SYLLABUS AYURVEDA THERAPIST IN INDIAN SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE, 251/2024 syllabus Kerala PSC

Main topics Ayurveda Therapist

1. Module 1 Adisthana Sidhanta of Ayurveda
2. Module 2 Rachana Sareeram - Anatomy
3. Module 3 Dravya Vijnana
4. Module 4 Panchakarma Vidhikal
5. Module 5 Keraleeya Visesha chikitsa
6. General Topics

Books for Ayurveda Therapist

Module 1 Adisthana Sidhanta of Ayurveda

Ayurveda Ithihas (history)/ Bharateeya Darsana 

Ashtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 1 -Ayushkameeyam 

Ashtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 2-Dinacharya 

Ashtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 4 -Roganulpadeeyam 

Ashtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 11 -Doshadi Vijnaneeyam 

Ashtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 12 Dosha bhedeeyam 

Ashtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana Chapter 13 - Doshopakramaneeyam 

Module 2 Rachana Sareeram - Anatomy

Garbha/ Garbha vikasa krama 

Kala/ Pesi/Asthi/ Types and classification of bones 

Skull/ Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar vertebrae/Scapula/ Ribs 

Pectoral Girdle/ Pelvic girdle/ Bones of hands and legs/joints/bones in ear 

Koshtanga/ Dhamani/ Sira/ Srotas/ Lasika/Hridaya/ Phusphusa/ Vrikka/ Mootrasaya/Malasaya/ Marma/ Brain and Spinal cord/Peripheral nerves/ Jnanendriya & Karmendriya 

Kriya Sareeram - Physiology

Digestion / Ahara Pachana/ Agni/ Dosha/Dhatu/ Upadhatu/ Ojus/ Endocrine glands and secretions/Function of heart and circulation/Blood pressure/ Pureesha mootra and Sweda pravruthi

Module 3 Dravya Vijnana

Classification of Dravya/ Rasa/ Guna/Veerya/ Vipaka/ Prabhava/Karma 

Drugs used for Panchakarma procedures/Oushadha vyavastha/ Oushadha Prayoga 

Marga/ Oushadha Kala/ Mana Paribhasha (Old and New), Understanding of medical Prescription 

Oushadha Kalpana parichaya

Kwatha kalpana/ Thoyapakavidhi/ Choorna Kalpana/ Gulika kalpana/Yoosha/Yavagu/Peya/ Vilepi/ Tharpana/ Mamsarasa/Panaka/Modaka/ Varthi/ Ksheerapaka/ Dhanyamla/Vasthi kalpana/Tharppana and Putapaka 

Module 4 Panchakarma Vidhikal

Abhyanga/ Samvahana/ Padaghatha/ Pichu/Moordhataila prayoga 

Achapana/Vicharana/ Sadya sneha 

Tapa/ upanaha/ ooshma/ drava sweda/13 types of sweda/ Anagneya seda 

Udgharshana/ Udwarthana 

Nasya/ Vamana/Virechana 

Snehavasthi/ kashayavasthi/matravasthi/Utharavasthi

Module 5 Keraleeya Visesha chikitsa

Thalam/Thalapothichil/Takradhara/Ksheeradhara/ Dhanyamladhara/ Pizhichil/Ksheeradhooma 

Shashtikapindasweda (Njavarakizhi)/Patrapotalasweda/ Choornapinda Sweda/Jambeerapinda sweda/ Dhanyakizhi/ Manal kizhi/ Muttakizhi/ Annalepam 

Urovasthi/Januvasthi/ Kateevasthi/Greevavasthi 

General Topics

Basic principles of Yoga therapy/Physiotherapy 

Soft skill development/ Interpersonal relationship/Communication Skill

Download Syllabus

Download PDF

 [SYLLABUS]Assistant Prison Officer Syllabus Kerala PSC

DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR MAIN EXAMINATION FOR SELECTION TO THE POST OF ASSISTANT PRISON OFFICER (PRISONS) 

(Category No . 173/2021, 174/2021, 175/2021, 274/2021, 531/2021, 600/2021, 680/2021) & 

FEMALE ASSISTANT PRISON OFFICER (PRISONS) 

(Category No. 495/2021, 496/2021, 626/2021, 652/2021) 

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Detailed Syllabus Assistant Professor in  Anaesthesia

Exam Date: 01/11/2019, Friday 

Exam time :10.00am -12.15 pm 

 MODULE 1 -BASIC SCIENCES 

 MODULE 2 -  CLINICAL ANAESTHESIA

MODULE 3- Regional Anaesthesia 

MODULE 4 Anaesthesia for Laser Surgery 

Anaesthesia for Robotically Conducted Surgery Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Procedures Anaesthesia for Bariatric Surgery Anaesthesia for Fetal Surgeries and other Fetal Therapies Anaesthesia for Orthopaedic Procedures Geriatric Anaesthesia Obstetric Anaesthesia Paediatric Anaesthesia 

MODULE 5 -Anaesthesia for Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery

MODULE 6 Critical Care and Pain Management 

MODULE 7 Fundamental Principles of Monitoring 

MODULE 8 Equipment used in Anaesthesia