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Showing posts with label Food. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Food. Show all posts

26 September 2023

Meal Planning for the School Child|ICDS Supervisor Kerala Study Materials

Food , ICDS
Meal Planning for the School Child|ICDS Supervisor Kerala Study Materials

 Meal Planning for the School Child|ICDS Supervisor Kerala Study Materials


Meal Planning for the School Child


Meal Planning for the School Child


THE SCHOOL CHILD

The term “School Child’ refers to children from the age of 7 years to 12 years.

During the school years the rate of growth further slows down. 


This, however, does not mean that no significant growth occurs. In fact, growth continues at a

steady pace. 


Further, the school years are characterized by an improvement of the functioning of most tissues and organ systems. 



It is important to emphasize that considerable growth and development of both muscles and bones takes place.

The school years precede adolescence and are, in fact, spent in preparation for it. Adolescent is a period of very rapid growth. 



It is important, therefore, that a good foundation is laid during the school years. One way in

which we can do this is to provide good food. 


A satisfactory diet is, crucial in fostering the optimum growth and development of the child.


RECOMMENDED DIETARY INTAKES FOR THE SCHOOL CHILD



The table summarizes the recommended dietary intakes for school children. 

Recommended Dietary Intakes for School Children



There is an increase in the RDIs for energy, protein, calcium, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), and niacin as age increases.



 The RDIs for vitamin C, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin A remain unchanged from the age of 7 to the age of 12.

The influence of gender becomes evident after the age of 10 years. This is the reason why RDIs are specified separately for boys and girls in the 10-12 years category.




MEAL PLANNING FOR THE SCHOOL CHILD

Which Nutrients are of Particular Importance?

Nutrients of particular importance in the school years are:

 Energy-giving nutrients (carbohydrates and fats)

 Protein

 Iron and

 Calcium

Which Foods to Select?

When we plan diets we have to decide on which foods to select and how much to give of these foods. 


The points to keep in mind are:

 Include items from each of the three food groups (energy-giving, body-building and protective/ regulatory) in each meal.




 Include an animal protein source in each meal if possible and if income permits; use cereal-pulse combinations to improve protein quality.

 Include foods rich in calcium and iron; you are already familiar with the food sources of these nutrients.

What are the other Specific Considerations?

The school child, unlike the preschooler, spends a great deal of time away from home. He is exposed to various influences as a result of which he picks up new food habits.

He tends to miss breakfast and munches snacks in between meals. 


He seldom bothers about packed lunches. 


The following section gives you ideas on how to overcome these difficulties and ensure satisfactory diets. 


Let us start with points about the main meals.


(1) Main Meals

 Breakfast should be substantial and should be planned around a cereal-based preparation. 

Milk/ egg/pulse and a fruit should be included. Choice of items would be dependent on the money available.

 Dinners and lunches must be balanced meals based on items rich in protein, vitamins and minerals.

They are the most substantial meals in the day.

With the kind of meal pattern we adopt, we would give a packed lunch for the child to eat at school.

In addition, a “late lunch” could be given at home when the child returns from school. In such a case the late lunch would be lighter. 


Generally dinner can be a more elaborate meal because the child can eat at leisure, but this does not mean it should be a heavy meal. 


Here, of course, the terms, “heavy” and “light” refer to contribution to total energy

provided by the day’s diet. 


One must remember that the heavier meals such as lunch and dinner should also contribute more protein, vitamins and minerals as compared to meals such as tea-time or even

breakfast.


In addition to these we must also be aware of the possibility of the child receiving a mid-day meal or snack as part of a nutrition programme in schools.


Some schools offer a complete meal whereas others offer a ready-to-eat snack. 


There is considerable variation from one State to another. 


According to the recommendations, mid-day meals should provide at least one-third of the daily energy RDI and about half of the daily protein need.

 Packed lunches should be easy to carry and handle, require minimum preparation time and should be balanced.

 The lunch must include sources of protein, vitamins and minerals in addition to energy. 


Dry preparations such as a drypulse or cottage cheese (pan eer) and veg etable o r m eat-veg etable preparations can be offered. 


Items like sandwiches and pizzas are common in the high income group.

Lower and middle income groups usually serve items like paranthas/rotis/rice and dal or vegetable; idlis and sambar; curd rice/tamarind rice and similar preparations.

If they are not balanced, any of the following suggestions might help depending on which food

group is missing or inadequate.

The body-building group:

(a) Add a pulse in suitable form

(b) Add cottage cheese (paneer) or milk-based dessert

(c) Add meat in suitable form

(d) Include egg in suitable form

The protective-regulatory group:

(a) Add a fruit or fruit-based preparation

(b) Add a vegetable preparation

(2) Snacks

 Snacks selected should be balanced rather than just calorie-rich and should supply substantial amounts of nutrients particularly energy, protein, calcium and iron. 



Snacks can be offered mid-morning and at tea-time. 


The packed lunch can also take the form of a snack. School children, in fact, are very fond of

eating snacks in between meals and during meal imes.

(3) Serving Size and Meal Frequency

 Serving size (the amount served at a time) should be planned keeping the child’s capacity to eat in mind;

this is where increasing meal frequency helps.

(4) Food Preferences

 Variety must be included by selecting different type of foods and introducing variety in colour, flavour, texture, form and shape. 


The child enjoys foods prepared using different cooking methods and food combination.

Sufficient attention must be given to the child’s likes and dislikes. 


Items disliked should be included in a form readily accepted by the child e.g., if a

child does not like a particular vegetable it could be boiled and mashed and mixed with other foods to make cutlets which the child might like. 


Similarly, if a child does not like milk it could be offered as curd, custard or paneer (cottage cheese) preparations.




Read Also: 

ICDS Supervisor Questions and Answers

Common Health Problems in India & Different Levels of Health care in India


1. Meal Planning for the Infant

2. Spplementary foods for Infants

3. Importance of Breast Milk

4. How to Feed Infant? Meal Plan for Infants

5. Meal Planning for the Prechoolers


Topic wise Notes for ICDS Supervisor Exam

 

1.      Home Science, 

2.      Food and Nutrition, 

3.      Psychology

4.       Physiology

5.       Microbiology

6.       Sociology 

7.      Nutrition and Health 

 

MCQ Questions & Answers for ICDS Supervisor

 

1.      ICDS Supervisor NOTES

2.      Previous Questions MCQ|ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC (1-20)

3.      Previous Questions MCQ|ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC (21-30)

4.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ-1

5.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 1

6.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 2

7.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 3

8.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 4

9.      Nutrition & Health MCQ 1

10.  Nutrition & Health MCQ 2

11.  Nutrition & Health MCQ 3

12.  Nutrition & Health MCQ 4

13.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 1

14.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 2

15.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 3

16.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 4

17.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 5

18.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 6

19.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 7

20.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 8

21.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 1

22.  Elementary Care & Education MCQ

23.  Solved Previous Question Paper ICDS Supervisor

24.  Women & Child ICDS Supervisor Exam

25.  Extension Education Notes for ICDS Supervisor

26.  Complete NOTES Child Psychology

 

 

Nutrition Notes

 

5 Food Groups

Nutrition MCQ 1

Nutrition MCQ 2

 

More Topic wise Notes can be got from the Website https://www.previousquestions.in

 

 To Join Telegram, Click Here

Check These also

Job News



previous Question Papers

Download printable  OMR Sheet PDF for practice

Study Tips          


Click the Below topic Links to get The notes





പഠനം 5 à´µാദങ്ങൾ

à´¬ിà´¹േà´µിയറിà´¸ം

à´—à´¸്à´±്à´±ാà´³്‍à´Ÿ്à´Ÿിà´¸ം Gestaltism Learning methods

à´œ്à´žാà´¤ൃà´µ്യവഹാà´°à´µാà´¦ം ( Cognitive behaviorism)

 
à´®ാനവിà´•à´¤ാà´µാà´¦ം (Humanism)

à´œ്à´žാà´¤ൃà´µാà´¦ം (Cognitivism)


à´¨ാà´¡ീമന:à´¶ാà´¸്à´¤്à´°ം (neuropsychology)|പഠനത്à´¤െ à´¸്à´µാà´§ീà´¨ിà´•്à´•ുà´¨്à´¨ ഘടകങ്ങള്‍

 
à´•ോà´³്‍ബര്‍à´—ിà´¨്à´±െ സന്à´®ാà´°്‍à´—à´µിà´•ാസഘട്à´Ÿà´™്ങള്‍

à´µ്യക്à´¤ിà´¤്à´µം Personality

 
ഉള്‍à´ª്à´ªെà´Ÿുà´¤്à´¤ിà´¯ുളള à´µിà´¦്à´¯ാà´­്à´¯ാà´¸ം Inclusive education

PART 2 à´‰à´³്‍à´ª്à´ªെà´Ÿുà´¤്à´¤ിà´¯ുളള à´µിà´¦്à´¯ാà´­്à´¯ാà´¸ം  Inclusive education

à´¦ിà´¨ാചരണങ്ങള്‍ Important dates based on themes

 
 
 
READ More :

 

Child Psychology Notes

Anganwadi Worker Notes

 Pedagogy  Malayalam Notes

LPSA Study Notes

KTET Notes

UPSA Study Notes

Complete NOTES Child Psychology


Read more »
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Meal Planning for preschool Child|Nutrition for Preshoolers|ICDS Supervisor Kerala Study Materials

Food , ICDS
Meal Planning for preschool Child|Nutrition for Preshoolers|ICDS Supervisor Kerala Study Materials

 Meal Planning for preschool Child|Nutrition for Preshoolers|ICDS Supervisor Kerala Study Materials

Meal Planning for preschool Child



THE PRESCHOOL CHILD


A child in the age group 1-6 years is a preschool child.


From the growth and development standpoint the preschool child, like the infant is extremely vulnerable.



 A preschooler grows rapidly, but when compared to infancy, the rate of growth is somewhat slower and more gradual.

The average gain in weight during the preschool age is only about 2-2.5 kg each year. 

 the preschool child gains comparatively more in height than in weight. 


By three years the child is about  93 cm tall and by four years about 100 cm tall. 


Because of this the child gives an appearance of being tall and thin as com pared to the round and chubby appearance characteristic of infancy. 


Another characteristic feature of the preschool child is the increased physical activity. 


The infant from being dependent on the mother moves on to becoming independent especially in terms of gaining control over the body. 


The increased physical activity and the growth taking place during the preschool stage

necessitates a higher intake of nutrients.


Regular weight gain is the most important sign of the child’s overall health and nutritional status. 


Weighing the child once every three months during the second year and subsequently once a year, till the child goes to school, would give a good indication of the child’s growth. 


Any subnormal growth or growth failure can be easily detected and corrected. 


It is during the early years of childhood i.e., 0-6 years, that “catch-up” growth is possible.

 What do you mean by “catch-  up” growth? 


To understand this, consider a case of growth failure i.e., a child, whose heightweight is considerably lower as compared to other children of his age. 

Now, if during infancy and preschool years right inputs i.e., good diet and clean, safe hygienic living conditions are provided, it will be possible for the child to make up for the earlier deficit in growth and development. 



From this standpoint, therefore, preschool period is very crucial. Diet plays an important role in promoting good health.

RECOMMENDED DIETARY INTAKES FOR THE PRESCHOOL CHILD


The recommended dietary intake that would support optimum growth and development of the preschool child is given in Table below:

Recommended Dietary Intakes for preschooler


The preschool years represent the age from approximately 1 year to 6 years.


 It is obvious that at any given age the nutrient need would vary depending on the level of growth and physical activity.


 This is the reason why the nutrient need of the preschool child is given under two categories—1-3 years and 4-6 years in above Table.



The total energy requirement of the preschooler increases with age. 

The requirement for other nutrients (in proportion to body size) is also high but the need for a few nutrients like protein, calcium, vitamin A and iron is the most. 


This is so because these nutrients support the growth and development of the body. 


A preschool child is more prone to infections and diseases hence protective nutrients,

especially vitamin A and iron are particularly important. 


The diet of the preschool child must provide sufficient amount of these nutrients.


MEAL PLANNING FOR THE PRESCHOOL CHILD


The preschool years are the time to establish good eating habits in children. 

At the same time the influence of parents, friends, television, activities associated with food, help to shape the child’s food habits. 


Providing an adequate diet for the child is, therefore, a challenging task.


Which are the Nutrients of Particular Importance?

Some of the nutrients which are crucial for the growth and development of a preschool child include:

 Energy-giving nutrients (carbohydrates and fats)

 Protein

 Calcium

 Iron and

 Vitamin A

Which Food to Select for preschool child?


The diet of the preschool child must include at least one food item from each of the three major food groups namely energy-giving, body-building and protective/regulatory. 


But the need for energy, protein, calcium, iron and vitamin A is considerable during the preschool age. 


Hence, include more of energy-rich foods, specially cereals; protein-rich foods such as pulses, meat, egg; calcium-rich foods particularly milk and milk products and iron-rich foods such as meat (particularly liver) pulses and green leafy vegetables in the diet.

What should be the Meal Pattern for preschool child?

The preschool child may not be able to eat much at one meal. 

Hence, small frequent meals need to be given. 


A preschool child would benefit from three small meals plus 2 to 3 snacks in-between meals per day. 


list of meals preschooler



The meal pattern adopted would actually depend on the age of the preschool child. Consider the list of meals given under A and B.




(A) Is likely to be adopted for a 1½ year old child. 


The child needs to be given food every 3-4 hours.

Atleast 2-3 milk feeds (early morning, tea, bed time) should be given. In addition foods of high

protein and energy content should be given 4-5 times a day.



(B) Is likely to be adopted for a 3-5 year old child.

 In addition to 2 milk feeds, and three main meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) other nutritious foods, snacks and food preparations should be served inbetween meals.


What are the Food Preparation/Snacks Suitable for the Preschool Child?


Any snack/food preparations based on the common locally available cereals and pulses can be prepared. 


The snack should provide on an average 300-400 kcals. 

But, ensure that the bulk of the preparation fed to the child is not very large. 


A child will remain healthy and well nourished provided food/snacks of high energy / protein / calcium /vitamin A content are given (without increasing the bulk/ volume). Snacks should supplement not substitute the main meals. 


Snacks should be such that are easy to prepare and should be in a form easily handled by the child.

What are the other Specific Considerations?


 Mealtime for children should be relaxing and enjoyable. 

Children learn to enjoy food when they are allowed to feed themselves. It is easier for the

child to feed on his own if food is cut into bitesized pieces that can be readily handed and lifted to the youth. Children like foods that can be eaten with the fingers.

 When introducing new foods to the child, offer one at a time. Give only small amounts at first. 

Let the child make the decision of liking or disliking the food. Never make an issue of food acceptance.

Forcing the child to eat a particular food may, establish an unfavourable attitude towards that food.

If the food is rejected, wait for a few weeks and then try again.

 Children of preschool age develop very strong likes and dislikes for certain foods. 


They might avoid eating one or more essential foods. 

For example, green leafy vegetables, milk are usually disliked by children. In such situations, therefore, it is advisable to change the form of the food and then serve it to the child rather than totally omit it from the diet.

Fewer difficulties are likely to be encountered if foods which are disliked by children are given when the child is hungry.


 Children are easily influenced by the parents attitudes towards food. 


Parents should, therefore, be extra careful of not to express their likes and dislikes in front of children. 


Rather they should eat a variety of food and encourage the child to do the same.

 Foods served to children should be warm and not too hot or too cold.

 Children usually have a very high taste sensitivity.

They do not enjoy highly flavoured foods. 


Only mildly flavoured foods should be included in the diet.

 The digestive tract of the preschool child is easily irritated by spicy food, very sweet or fried foods.

Hence, such foods should be avoided. 


Further consuming excessive amounts of fibrous food also irritates the tender digestive tract. 

It is, therefore, advisable to use a minimum of fibre-rich foods for preschool children.

 Preschool children are almost constantly active.


Their interest is readily diverted from food. Hence, it is essential to prepare meals that look colourful, attractive and catch the attention of the child and motivates them to eat.

 It is important that the child eats a good breakfast.

Breakfast should supply upto one-third of the day’s energy requirement. A good nutritious breakfast served in the morning would help increase physical and mental efficiency of the child.

Simple tips on how to provide adequate and satisfying meals for preschoolers are listed below in points to remember.


Meal Planning for preschool Child





Read Also: 

ICDS Supervisor Questions and Answers

Common Health Problems in India & Different Levels of Health care in India


1. Meal Planning for the Infant

2. Spplementary foods for Infants

3. Importance of Breast Milk

4. How to Feed Infant? Meal Plan for Infants

5. Meal Planning for the Prechoolers


Topic wise Notes for ICDS Supervisor Exam

 

1.      Home Science, 

2.      Food and Nutrition, 

3.      Psychology

4.       Physiology

5.       Microbiology

6.       Sociology 

7.      Nutrition and Health 

 

MCQ Questions & Answers for ICDS Supervisor

 

1.      ICDS Supervisor NOTES

2.      Previous Questions MCQ|ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC (1-20)

3.      Previous Questions MCQ|ICDS Supervisor Exam|ICDS Supervisor Kerala PSC (21-30)

4.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ-1

5.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 1

6.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 2

7.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 3

8.      ICDS Supervisor MCQ set 4

9.      Nutrition & Health MCQ 1

10.  Nutrition & Health MCQ 2

11.  Nutrition & Health MCQ 3

12.  Nutrition & Health MCQ 4

13.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 1

14.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 2

15.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 3

16.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 4

17.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 5

18.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 6

19.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 7

20.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 8

21.  ICDS Supervisor Previous Questions Set 1

22.  Elementary Care & Education MCQ

23.  Solved Previous Question Paper ICDS Supervisor

24.  Women & Child ICDS Supervisor Exam

25.  Extension Education Notes for ICDS Supervisor

26.  Complete NOTES Child Psychology

 

 

Nutrition Notes

 

5 Food Groups

Nutrition MCQ 1

Nutrition MCQ 2

 

More Topic wise Notes can be got from the Website https://www.previousquestions.in

 

 To Join Telegram, Click Here

Check These also

Job News



previous Question Papers

Download printable  OMR Sheet PDF for practice

Study Tips          


Click the Below topic Links to get The notes





പഠനം 5 à´µാദങ്ങൾ

à´¬ിà´¹േà´µിയറിà´¸ം

à´—à´¸്à´±്à´±ാà´³്‍à´Ÿ്à´Ÿിà´¸ം Gestaltism Learning methods

à´œ്à´žാà´¤ൃà´µ്യവഹാà´°à´µാà´¦ം ( Cognitive behaviorism)

 
à´®ാനവിà´•à´¤ാà´µാà´¦ം (Humanism)

à´œ്à´žാà´¤ൃà´µാà´¦ം (Cognitivism)


à´¨ാà´¡ീമന:à´¶ാà´¸്à´¤്à´°ം (neuropsychology)|പഠനത്à´¤െ à´¸്à´µാà´§ീà´¨ിà´•്à´•ുà´¨്à´¨ ഘടകങ്ങള്‍

 
à´•ോà´³്‍ബര്‍à´—ിà´¨്à´±െ സന്à´®ാà´°്‍à´—à´µിà´•ാസഘട്à´Ÿà´™്ങള്‍

à´µ്യക്à´¤ിà´¤്à´µം Personality

 
ഉള്‍à´ª്à´ªെà´Ÿുà´¤്à´¤ിà´¯ുളള à´µിà´¦്à´¯ാà´­്à´¯ാà´¸ം Inclusive education

PART 2 à´‰à´³്‍à´ª്à´ªെà´Ÿുà´¤്à´¤ിà´¯ുളള à´µിà´¦്à´¯ാà´­്à´¯ാà´¸ം  Inclusive education

à´¦ിà´¨ാചരണങ്ങള്‍ Important dates based on themes

 
 
 
READ More :

 

Child Psychology Notes

Anganwadi Worker Notes

 Pedagogy  Malayalam Notes

LPSA Study Notes

KTET Notes

UPSA Study Notes

Complete NOTES Child Psychology








Read more »
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